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Lab 1 - Introduction of operating system

 What is Operating System? 

A computer is a system composed of two major components: hardware and software. Computer hardware is the physical equipment. Software is the collection of programs that allows the hardware to do its job. Computer software is divided into two broad categories: the operating system and application programs. Application programs use the computer hardware to solve users’ problems. The operating system, on the other hand, controls the access to hardware by users.




Lab Questions
1.  Nazri is a technical pfficer of All Technologies SDN BHD, he suspected someone has been used his computer and he want to check whether true or not. He using windows 7 Ultimate Edition. How can you help him? Please give detail step.

    1) Go to start menu, search Event Viewer and open it.


    2) The main page has multiple panel showing different information. 



    3) Go to Windows Logs at the sidebar and open it (press the arrow button besides Windows Logs)



    4) Right click on system and go to filter current log.


    5) A menu will pop out. Go to event sources, find 'Power-Troubleshooter' (Press the letter  'P' on your keyboard for instant         search), check it and press the button 'OK'. 



    6) Now on the first panel, you can observe the last time your computer was accessed. 
    




2.  Azam using UniMAP computer library. Suddenly, he get this error. What are he trying to do? Any idea to solve this problem?
As the error message indicates, you can only gain access to or take ownership of the file or folder by getting the elevated permission of a local administrator. Azam is using UniMAP library computer hence he is not the owner of the computers there. Nonetheless, Azam still have access to the files or apps that he need. 

To solve this issue. Azam needs to run the app as an Administrator. Here are the steps: 
        1) Right-click the app, then select Properties from the options.

        2) Now, go to the Compability tab. 

        3) Select the box which says, 'Run this program as an administrator'.

        4) Save the changes by clicking Apply and OK. 



3.  “top” is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.” Zafirah try to get show process on terminal but get an error message. Why this happen? How to use this command?

The error message “....” is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file means that 

        1) the file name of a 
      • console application
      • GUI application 
      • script (batch file, PowerShell script, Perl script, VBScript, JScript,...)                    
            was specified for execution most likely without file extension and without (complete) path to the executable/script file.

       2) Windows failed to find a file matching the pattern FileName with a file extension listed in currently active environment 
            variable PATHEXT in current directory or any other directory in currentlya active environment variable PATH.


4.   Iskandar is a Windows system administrator sent print screen from his computer. What are information he provided. What type of operating system that he used? What type of command line he used?
The operating system Iskandar used is Windows since the screenshot shown is a Windows PowerShell. The command line he used to list the information is the Get-Process | Get-member. The Get-Process cmdlet gets the processes on local or remote computer. The Get-Member cmdlet gets the members, the properties and methods, of objects. The Get-Process | Get-Member command displays the properties and method of the service objects generated by the Get-Service cmdlet.



5.  


 Suhaila is Ubuntu user. However he can’t explain information given from gnome-terminal. Please brief detail about the information given.

The command line used to display the information above is free -g. In Linux, the free command displays information about the memory usage of the operating ysstem such as the toal amount of RAM available to the system, how much of it is free and how much is used  by the operating system & user applications etc. 

      • total -- This is the totakl amount of memory (RAM) available to the operating system. 
      • used -- This is the total amount  of RAM that is used by the system. 
      • free -- This is the total amount of free RAM (calculated by: total - used).
      • shared -- This is the total amount of memory currently used to share data between multiple programs. 
      • buffers -- This is the total amount of memory used by the OS to bring data in from other hardware devices (mouse, keyboard, storage media such as SSDs, HDDs, CD/DVD ROMS etc) 
      • cached -- This is the total size of the Page Cache.



6.  Follow the instruction and explain the result
 i) On the keyboard: Ctrl + Alt + t 
ii) Type: less /proc/cpuinfo (answer with screenshots).

i) By pressing Ctrl + Alt + t in Linux, it is a keyboard shortcut to launch a terminal window.

ii) The file /proc/cpuinfo displays what type of processor your system is running including the number of CPUs present. 



What is FPU and PAE?
A floating-point unit (FPU) is an integrated circuit which handles all mathematical operations have anything to do with floating point numbers or fractions. It is a dedicated logic unit specifically designed to work on floating point numbers and nothing else, hence the name. It can be defined as a specialized coprocessor that can manipulate numbers quicker than the basic microprocessor circuitry itself.

The Phycial Address Extension (PAE) is a feature implemented in modern x86 processors. PAE extends memory addressing capabilities, allowing more than 4 GB of random access memory (RAM) to be used. 



7.  Lisa open terminal and type “lscpu”. That actually she what to do?
The lscpu command in Linux displays information about the CPU architecture. In this case, Lisa is probably trying to retrieve information of her system’s CPU.  



8.   “dmesg grep | -i usb”. Please brief detail about the information given.(answer with screenshots).


dmesg is used to display the kernel related messages on Unix like systems. dmesg stands for "display message or display driver" 


9. Which is the core of the operating system? 
a) Shell 
b) Kernel 
c) Commands 
d) Script

The core of the operating system is the Kernel. The kernel is generally run in an isolated area to prevent it from being tampered with by other software on the computer. The operating system kernel is very important but is just one part of the operating system.